Operating system assignment.
Introduction
Nowadays, there are some operating system that is always used like WMS, AIX, OS/400 and Windows 2000. Among the most commonly used are Windows operating system and Linux operating system. There are many definitions of operating system. Quoted from the techterms.com website, “ operating system is the software that communicates with computer hardware on the most basic level. Without an operating system, no software programs can run. The OS is what allocates memory, processes tasks, accesses disks and peripherials, and serves as the user interface.” Other definitions taken from computerhope.com is “An operating system or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless”. In other words, without the operating system, a hardware or application can not start by itself. it is like the beginning of a hardware to move.
Important of Operating System.
As we know, the operating system is essential to every computer to run a software programes. So if there is no operating system installed into a hardware, the hardware would not work properly. This shows that the importance of operating system in a computer. Below are two examples of the importance of the operating system :
i) It handles input and output to and from attached hardware devices, such as hard disks, printers, and dial-up ports.
ii) It sends messages to each application or interactive user (or to a system operator) about the status of operation and any errors that may have occurred.
The above statement shows the importance of operating system in a computer. Without operating system, all hardware can not communicate with each other and no input will be accepted. Indirectly, nor the output will be obtained.
History of Linux Operating System.
Linux Operating System was started as a hobby in 1991 by Linus Torvalds while a student at the University of Helsinki (in Finland) because he was unhappy with the MS-DOS operating system that came with his new personal computer. He greatly preferred the much more powerful and stable UNIX that he had been using on the university's computers, but he was not able to afford the high licensing fees for any of the commercial versions then available. Today, Torvalds remains the spiritual leader of the Linux movement, and he still coordinates the development of the Linux kernel.
The use of Linux by individuals, corporations, government agencies and academic institutions around the world has been growing rapidly, and many computer experts think that it will eventually become the most widely used operating system for many or most types of applications. Well in excess of a hundred Linux distributions have been developed by a diverse range of companies, non-commercial organizations and individuals. Some of the most popular from Linux Operating System are Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake, Debian, Slackware, Linspire and Ubuntu.
Actually, Linux is a clone of UNIX, it was developed to mimic the form and function of UNIX but its source code was written completely independently. This means none of it was copied from UNIX source code. Source code is the version of an operating system as it is originally written by a human in a programming language, for example the C language using in Linux kernel. It is amazing, Linux is still widely used today. even the fast-growing Linux operating system on par with the famous Windows operating system.
History of Windows Operating System.
Windows operating system is widely used in our country. However, many do not know when it started. We can say that almost all school computer laboratory in the country equipped with the Windows operating system. History of Windows operating system starts on Nov 20, 1985. The first version of Microsoft's Windows operating system, Windows 1.0 was officially released on that date. Before that, the early version created In June 1980, Bill Gates and Paul Allen hire Gates’ former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to help run the company. The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-named "Chess." In response, Microsoft focuses on a new operating system which is called MS-DOS. It was effective, but difficult to understand for many user. There has to be a better way to build an operating system.
After the first version of the Windows operating system used, version 2.0 was introduced on 9 Dec 1987. Significant difference compared to version 1.0 is that it is more user friendly. With improved graphics support, you can now overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work. It has advanced graphics with 16 colors special design for Intel 386 processor.
The next generation is windows 95 operating system. Windows 95 has built-in Internet support, dial-up networking, and new Plug and Play capabilities that make it easy to install hardware and software. To run Windows 95 operating system, you need a PC with a 386DX or higher processor (486 recommended) and at least 4 MB of RAM.
The latest windows operating system after windows 95 operating system is Windows 98. It is described as an operating system that “Works Better, Plays Better.” One thing to know, Windows 98 operating system is the last version based on MS DOS. Windows 98 ended when Windows Me was introduced. Windows Me offers numerous music, video, and home networking enhancements and reliability improvements compared to previous versions.
The new era of windows operating system change in year 2000. Windows Profesional 2000 operating system was launch. Among the improvements, Windows 2000 Professional simplifies hardware installation by adding support for a wide variety of new Plug and Play hardware, including advanced networking and wireless products, USB devices, IEEE 1394 devices, and infrared devices. After that, Windows XP introduced. Windows XP is more stable, usable and fast compared to the last version of windows operating system. Windows Vista introduced in 2006 to replace the windows XP. It began in 2009. Windows 7 is evaluated by 8 million beta testers worldwide before it's released.
Comparison between Linux Operating System and Windows Operating System.
As we know, both Operating System are popular in use today. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Users who are considering making a change from Windows to Linux or Linux to Windows commonly want to know the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems. The usual factors considered are reliability, security, support, applications and cost. Table below will described the advantages and disadvantages between Linux Operating System and Windows Operating System.
Factor Linux Windows
Reliability
Linux considerably more stable and robust. It rarely crashes or needs rebooting and is highly resistant to viruses and other malicious attacks.
The majority of Linux variants and versions are notoriously reliable and can often run for months and years without needing to be rebooted.
Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability over the last few versions of Windows, it still cannot match the reliability of Linux. As a fundamental part of the operating system, reliability technologies and improvements appear throughout Windows 7. Starting with the low-level changes, Windows 7 utilizes a driver sandboxing model to help prevent poorly-written device drivers from affecting other drivers or the overall Windows OS.
Reliability Monitor has been enhanced in Windows 7 to be more reliable and in to monitor its own reliability.
The most obvious reliability feature in Windows 7 may just be the new Action Center, which replaces the Security Center from Windows XP and Vista.
Security
Linux is and has always been a very secure operating system. Although it still can be attacked when compared to Windows, it much more secure.
Linux operating system has been designed from the ground-up to isolate users from applications, files and directories that affect the entire operating system. Each user is given a user directory where all of the user’s data files and configuration files are stored. When a user runs an application, such as a word processor, that word processor runs with the restricted privileges of the user. It can only write to the user’s own home
directory. It cannot write to a system file or even to another user’s directory unless the administrator explicitly gives the user permission to do so.
The Open Source nature of Linux and Linux applications encourages the discovery and reporting of security issues through peer review - even trivial issues not likely to be exploited by an attacker. If there are many reported security issues, the Open Source community is doing its job. Most security issues are discovered and fixed before anyone is attacked.
Although Microsoft has made great improvements over the years with security on their operating system, their operating system continues to be the most vulnerable to viruses and other attacks.
Windows was originally designed to allow both users and applications free access to
the entire system, which means anyone could tamper with a critical system program or file. It also means viruses, Trojans and other malware could tamper with any critical system program or file, because Windows did not isolate users or applications from these sensitive areas of the operating system.
Closed source nature of Windows that results in reported security issues only after users suffer a successful attack. In the Windows world, secrecy (aka security through obscurity) is used to try to minimize attacks but this has the unfortunate effect of exposing a large population of users to attack when the secret can't be kept. Two decades of history with Windows shows that the secrets aren't kept often.
Support
Although it may be more difficult to find users familiar with all linux variants, there are vast amounts of available online documentation and help, available books, and support available for Linux.
Most support is provided by advanced users and developers over IRC, online forums, and other free community based venues. Professional support is available, but most commonly only utilized by large-scale businesses, and server dependent organizations.
Linux certificates are rarely offered. Courses for certifications are provided by Linux Professional Institute and some distributions, such as Red Hat and Ubuntu.
User Documentation for source packages usually in a README file, also main pages, info pages, and other types of generally programmer-supplied documentation.
Microsoft Windows includes its own help section, has vast amount of available online
documentation and help, as well as books on each of the versions of Windows.
Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN), Microsoft TechNet: Resources for IT Professionals, and multitudes of user driven support forums are available at no charge. Additional support is available by 3rd party services such as OEMs.
In term of training, Many IT courses are written for participants to learn how to use and manage Windows systems and networks. Most computer assistance experts have Windows training and qualifications.
A proper documentation is either written in-house or by a consulting firm for most
proprietary software. Often documentation only covers a small, commonly used set of
functions.
Application
Free software license. Everyone is permitted to download Linux from the Internet (or obtain it from other sources, including from friends) at no cost And everyone is also permitted to use it for any desired purpose, including studying, modifying, extending, installing on as many computers as desired, making copies as many copies as desired and redistributing.
Requires a lot of money to buy software applications. Each software application to be used need to buy. No modification can be made with a software aplications.
Cost
Linux has the advantage that it can operate on older hardware that is unsuitable for newer versions of Microsoft Windows. We can upgrade new Linux version without buying any new equipment. Indirectly can save cost.
Upgrading newer versions of Microsoft Windows generally requires cost for new hardware.
Suggestion and Conclusion.
No doubt, both the operating system has its own advantages and disadvantages. However users can not use two operating system at any one time. So, the user must choose which is better between the Windows Operating System with the Linux Operating System.
If money is the main issue, the choice is the best Linux operating system. Because it is free without any payment. But we should have enough knowledge to handle the application and the server if any. This is because Linux does not provide good support in terms of documentation and online support. Support available only in online discussion forums and Chat room.
It is different if the money is not the main issue. Windows operating system is just as good. This is because Windows has a very effective support in terms of documentation, online support, expertise and local support. For example, if we experience problems when using Microsoft Windows 7, we can continue to log report to the helpdesk microsoft. We can also ask the distributors Windows operating system. They would be able to solve problems in a short time because they have been trained and has a certificate in solving technical problems.
In terms of user account, windows give an advantage to user to the desktop in their own way. This is because user account with administrator has set aside during the first login. Compared with the linux users in control with the folders available in the administrator. So users do not have the opportunity to change what they have on the desktop. Unless they have access to the admin and change the control of admin folders.
In our country, not many companies or government agencies using Linux. This is because not many experts in the application and maintenance of Linux servers. They prefer to use a paid service. because they need help and support immediately when they experience problems or server applications. An effort should be made to introduce Linux to a new generation, especially in schools and institutions of higher learning. With the use of Linux operating system, the government could indirectly save an annual expenditure.
Introduction
Nowadays, there are some operating system that is always used like WMS, AIX, OS/400 and Windows 2000. Among the most commonly used are Windows operating system and Linux operating system. There are many definitions of operating system. Quoted from the techterms.com website, “ operating system is the software that communicates with computer hardware on the most basic level. Without an operating system, no software programs can run. The OS is what allocates memory, processes tasks, accesses disks and peripherials, and serves as the user interface.” Other definitions taken from computerhope.com is “An operating system or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless”. In other words, without the operating system, a hardware or application can not start by itself. it is like the beginning of a hardware to move.
Important of Operating System.
As we know, the operating system is essential to every computer to run a software programes. So if there is no operating system installed into a hardware, the hardware would not work properly. This shows that the importance of operating system in a computer. Below are two examples of the importance of the operating system :
i) It handles input and output to and from attached hardware devices, such as hard disks, printers, and dial-up ports.
ii) It sends messages to each application or interactive user (or to a system operator) about the status of operation and any errors that may have occurred.
The above statement shows the importance of operating system in a computer. Without operating system, all hardware can not communicate with each other and no input will be accepted. Indirectly, nor the output will be obtained.
History of Linux Operating System.
Linux Operating System was started as a hobby in 1991 by Linus Torvalds while a student at the University of Helsinki (in Finland) because he was unhappy with the MS-DOS operating system that came with his new personal computer. He greatly preferred the much more powerful and stable UNIX that he had been using on the university's computers, but he was not able to afford the high licensing fees for any of the commercial versions then available. Today, Torvalds remains the spiritual leader of the Linux movement, and he still coordinates the development of the Linux kernel.
The use of Linux by individuals, corporations, government agencies and academic institutions around the world has been growing rapidly, and many computer experts think that it will eventually become the most widely used operating system for many or most types of applications. Well in excess of a hundred Linux distributions have been developed by a diverse range of companies, non-commercial organizations and individuals. Some of the most popular from Linux Operating System are Red Hat, SuSE, Mandrake, Debian, Slackware, Linspire and Ubuntu.
Actually, Linux is a clone of UNIX, it was developed to mimic the form and function of UNIX but its source code was written completely independently. This means none of it was copied from UNIX source code. Source code is the version of an operating system as it is originally written by a human in a programming language, for example the C language using in Linux kernel. It is amazing, Linux is still widely used today. even the fast-growing Linux operating system on par with the famous Windows operating system.
History of Windows Operating System.
Windows operating system is widely used in our country. However, many do not know when it started. We can say that almost all school computer laboratory in the country equipped with the Windows operating system. History of Windows operating system starts on Nov 20, 1985. The first version of Microsoft's Windows operating system, Windows 1.0 was officially released on that date. Before that, the early version created In June 1980, Bill Gates and Paul Allen hire Gates’ former Harvard classmate Steve Ballmer to help run the company. The next month, IBM approaches Microsoft about a project code-named "Chess." In response, Microsoft focuses on a new operating system which is called MS-DOS. It was effective, but difficult to understand for many user. There has to be a better way to build an operating system.
After the first version of the Windows operating system used, version 2.0 was introduced on 9 Dec 1987. Significant difference compared to version 1.0 is that it is more user friendly. With improved graphics support, you can now overlap windows, control the screen layout, and use keyboard shortcuts to speed up your work. It has advanced graphics with 16 colors special design for Intel 386 processor.
The next generation is windows 95 operating system. Windows 95 has built-in Internet support, dial-up networking, and new Plug and Play capabilities that make it easy to install hardware and software. To run Windows 95 operating system, you need a PC with a 386DX or higher processor (486 recommended) and at least 4 MB of RAM.
The latest windows operating system after windows 95 operating system is Windows 98. It is described as an operating system that “Works Better, Plays Better.” One thing to know, Windows 98 operating system is the last version based on MS DOS. Windows 98 ended when Windows Me was introduced. Windows Me offers numerous music, video, and home networking enhancements and reliability improvements compared to previous versions.
The new era of windows operating system change in year 2000. Windows Profesional 2000 operating system was launch. Among the improvements, Windows 2000 Professional simplifies hardware installation by adding support for a wide variety of new Plug and Play hardware, including advanced networking and wireless products, USB devices, IEEE 1394 devices, and infrared devices. After that, Windows XP introduced. Windows XP is more stable, usable and fast compared to the last version of windows operating system. Windows Vista introduced in 2006 to replace the windows XP. It began in 2009. Windows 7 is evaluated by 8 million beta testers worldwide before it's released.
Comparison between Linux Operating System and Windows Operating System.
As we know, both Operating System are popular in use today. Each has advantages and disadvantages. Users who are considering making a change from Windows to Linux or Linux to Windows commonly want to know the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems. The usual factors considered are reliability, security, support, applications and cost. Table below will described the advantages and disadvantages between Linux Operating System and Windows Operating System.
Factor Linux Windows
Reliability
Linux considerably more stable and robust. It rarely crashes or needs rebooting and is highly resistant to viruses and other malicious attacks.
The majority of Linux variants and versions are notoriously reliable and can often run for months and years without needing to be rebooted.
Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability over the last few versions of Windows, it still cannot match the reliability of Linux. As a fundamental part of the operating system, reliability technologies and improvements appear throughout Windows 7. Starting with the low-level changes, Windows 7 utilizes a driver sandboxing model to help prevent poorly-written device drivers from affecting other drivers or the overall Windows OS.
Reliability Monitor has been enhanced in Windows 7 to be more reliable and in to monitor its own reliability.
The most obvious reliability feature in Windows 7 may just be the new Action Center, which replaces the Security Center from Windows XP and Vista.
Security
Linux is and has always been a very secure operating system. Although it still can be attacked when compared to Windows, it much more secure.
Linux operating system has been designed from the ground-up to isolate users from applications, files and directories that affect the entire operating system. Each user is given a user directory where all of the user’s data files and configuration files are stored. When a user runs an application, such as a word processor, that word processor runs with the restricted privileges of the user. It can only write to the user’s own home
directory. It cannot write to a system file or even to another user’s directory unless the administrator explicitly gives the user permission to do so.
The Open Source nature of Linux and Linux applications encourages the discovery and reporting of security issues through peer review - even trivial issues not likely to be exploited by an attacker. If there are many reported security issues, the Open Source community is doing its job. Most security issues are discovered and fixed before anyone is attacked.
Although Microsoft has made great improvements over the years with security on their operating system, their operating system continues to be the most vulnerable to viruses and other attacks.
Windows was originally designed to allow both users and applications free access to
the entire system, which means anyone could tamper with a critical system program or file. It also means viruses, Trojans and other malware could tamper with any critical system program or file, because Windows did not isolate users or applications from these sensitive areas of the operating system.
Closed source nature of Windows that results in reported security issues only after users suffer a successful attack. In the Windows world, secrecy (aka security through obscurity) is used to try to minimize attacks but this has the unfortunate effect of exposing a large population of users to attack when the secret can't be kept. Two decades of history with Windows shows that the secrets aren't kept often.
Support
Although it may be more difficult to find users familiar with all linux variants, there are vast amounts of available online documentation and help, available books, and support available for Linux.
Most support is provided by advanced users and developers over IRC, online forums, and other free community based venues. Professional support is available, but most commonly only utilized by large-scale businesses, and server dependent organizations.
Linux certificates are rarely offered. Courses for certifications are provided by Linux Professional Institute and some distributions, such as Red Hat and Ubuntu.
User Documentation for source packages usually in a README file, also main pages, info pages, and other types of generally programmer-supplied documentation.
Microsoft Windows includes its own help section, has vast amount of available online
documentation and help, as well as books on each of the versions of Windows.
Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN), Microsoft TechNet: Resources for IT Professionals, and multitudes of user driven support forums are available at no charge. Additional support is available by 3rd party services such as OEMs.
In term of training, Many IT courses are written for participants to learn how to use and manage Windows systems and networks. Most computer assistance experts have Windows training and qualifications.
A proper documentation is either written in-house or by a consulting firm for most
proprietary software. Often documentation only covers a small, commonly used set of
functions.
Application
Free software license. Everyone is permitted to download Linux from the Internet (or obtain it from other sources, including from friends) at no cost And everyone is also permitted to use it for any desired purpose, including studying, modifying, extending, installing on as many computers as desired, making copies as many copies as desired and redistributing.
Requires a lot of money to buy software applications. Each software application to be used need to buy. No modification can be made with a software aplications.
Cost
Linux has the advantage that it can operate on older hardware that is unsuitable for newer versions of Microsoft Windows. We can upgrade new Linux version without buying any new equipment. Indirectly can save cost.
Upgrading newer versions of Microsoft Windows generally requires cost for new hardware.
Suggestion and Conclusion.
No doubt, both the operating system has its own advantages and disadvantages. However users can not use two operating system at any one time. So, the user must choose which is better between the Windows Operating System with the Linux Operating System.
If money is the main issue, the choice is the best Linux operating system. Because it is free without any payment. But we should have enough knowledge to handle the application and the server if any. This is because Linux does not provide good support in terms of documentation and online support. Support available only in online discussion forums and Chat room.
It is different if the money is not the main issue. Windows operating system is just as good. This is because Windows has a very effective support in terms of documentation, online support, expertise and local support. For example, if we experience problems when using Microsoft Windows 7, we can continue to log report to the helpdesk microsoft. We can also ask the distributors Windows operating system. They would be able to solve problems in a short time because they have been trained and has a certificate in solving technical problems.
In terms of user account, windows give an advantage to user to the desktop in their own way. This is because user account with administrator has set aside during the first login. Compared with the linux users in control with the folders available in the administrator. So users do not have the opportunity to change what they have on the desktop. Unless they have access to the admin and change the control of admin folders.
In our country, not many companies or government agencies using Linux. This is because not many experts in the application and maintenance of Linux servers. They prefer to use a paid service. because they need help and support immediately when they experience problems or server applications. An effort should be made to introduce Linux to a new generation, especially in schools and institutions of higher learning. With the use of Linux operating system, the government could indirectly save an annual expenditure.
Ref :
http://www.techterms.com/definition/operatingsystem
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/o/os.htm
http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com
http://www.linfo.org/linuxdef.html
http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows/history
http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-7/windows-7-review-part-11-compatibility-and-reliability
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/22/security_report_windows_vs_linux/#linuxdesign
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/10/22/security_report_windows_vs_linux/#winvslinuxdesign
http://www.biznix.org/articles/winlinsecure.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Windows_and_Linux
http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000575.htm
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